255 lines
40 KiB
HTML
255 lines
40 KiB
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<img src="Machine%20bellows_files/shapeimage_2.png" alt="PROTECT MACHINE SLIDES
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or
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HOW TO MAKE BELLOWS
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By Joerg Hugel
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M4. C4n
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; line-height: 17.1475px;" class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" lang="--multilingual">The
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slide ways of machine tools are very sensitive components and should
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always be clean and free from any debris. The machines for industrial
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production are carefully designed today with protective elements, not
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only to keep the slide, slide ways and sensors clean but also avoid any
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pollution of the environment. However, in the enthusiasts' workshops
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this is not the standard. Most lathes and milling machines the author
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has seen have no or at best very rudimentary devices for the protection
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of the slide ways or lead screws. Clearly any protective cover needs
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some space and reduces the usable travelling distances of the carriages,
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slides or work heads. As long, as the machines are operated manually
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the operator may be responsible for removing the swarf. For CNC
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controlled machines another solution is necessary. For grinding
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equipment an effective slide protection is a must because the dust of
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abrasives together with the lubricant of the slides is a very efficient
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lapping paste.<br></p>
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<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 403px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_1"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-1.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 403px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_1.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_2.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_3.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_4.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_5.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_6.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 402px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_7.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 1: A Sherline CNC mill with bellows<br></span></div>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">There
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are different solutions to protect the sensitive components of a lathe,
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milling or grinding machine. One very simple answer are bellows and
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this short article will show, how they can be made. In Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">1</span>
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is my Sherline milling machine, converted into a CNC machine. The slide
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and lead screw of X-axis are protected from swarf in the design of the
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machine but not the respective components for the Y-axis. Therefore, two
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bellows were installed. One end is mounted to the cross slide, the
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other ends are held by two flanges, fixed to the base plate by a spring
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loaded ball detent. So the bellows can be easily lifted for cleaning and
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lubricating the slide ways, no tool is necessary. In Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">2</span> the bellows for a Stent tool grinder is seen.<br></p>
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<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 403px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_2"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-2.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 403px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_8.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_9.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_10.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_11.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_12.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_13.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_14.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 402px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_15.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 2: Bellows for a Stent tool grinder<br></span></div>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">Figure <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">1</span>
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shows the folding scheme for bellows. It is a simple matter to make
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this from a sheet of paper. But with other materials, e.g. leather or
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fabrics this would be difficult or even impossible. Paper has the
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necessary stiffness and if folded becomes flexible at the edges. <br></p>
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<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 322px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_3"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Figure-1.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 322px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_16.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 320px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_17.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_18.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_19.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_20.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 320px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_21.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 321px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_22.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 321px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_23.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 321px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div>Figure <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">1</span>: The folding scheme for bellows<br></div>
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<p class="paragraph_style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 15.4375px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">The bellows in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">3</span>
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were commercially manufactured. To make these from different materials,
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even from sheet metal, very special jigs are used. I would not go into
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the details. But please notice, the folding scheme is different from
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Figure <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">1</span>.
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This has the property that the side parts of stretched bellows move
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together, opposite to the behaviour of the bellows of Figure <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">1</span>. In the experience of the author these features are not really essential. <br></p>
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<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 399px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_4"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-3.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 399px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_24.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 397px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_25.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_26.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_27.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_28.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 397px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_29.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 398px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_30.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 398px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_31.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 398px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 3: An example of commercially manufactured bellows<br></span></div>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
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<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">Clearly
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bellows from paper wouldn't be suitable for the purpose regarded here.
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But a combination of paper, more precisely, polyester paper, and a
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protective layer could be the solution. By accident the author received
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a somewhat worn out protective cover for an ironing board. This is a
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compound of a thin foam layer and a fabric which has a metalized
|
||
surface. The foam was easily scraped off. he metalized fabric together
|
||
with the polyester paper has proved to be the perfect material for
|
||
bellows for milling and grinding machines. <br></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style_2" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">Manufacturing Details<br></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">First
|
||
it is necessary to make the design, a drawing with the folding lines.
|
||
In the compressed state the folding angles are zero, for the maximum
|
||
length a folding angle of 45 Deg. is recommended, however not more than
|
||
60 Deg. To avoid errors the lines should show the folding direction by
|
||
different line pattern or colours. An example is seen in Figure <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">2</span>.<br></p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 377px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_5"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Figure-2.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 378px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_32.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 375px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_33.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_34.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_35.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_36.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 375px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_37.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 376px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_38.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 376px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_39.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 376px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Figure 2: Drawing for the folding lines<br></span></div>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;"><br></span></p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 375px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_6"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-4.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 375px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_40.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 373px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_41.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_42.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_43.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_44.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 373px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_45.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 374px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_46.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 374px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_47.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 374px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 4: Polyester paper and metalized fabric<br></span></div>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;"><br></span></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">The materials for the bellows can be seen in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">4</span>. The drawing for the folding lines is now transferred to a sheet of polyester paper as seen in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">4</span>a. Recommended grade is 120 to 180 g/mm<span class="style_2" style="line-height: 11.3841px;">2</span>,
|
||
equivalent to 0,1 to 0,15 mm thickness. In this case the drawing was
|
||
made with an inkjet printer. However, to dry the drawing takes several
|
||
hours if not a day. A laser printer cannot be used, because the
|
||
polyester paper becomes warped by the heat. But as seen in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">4</span>b
|
||
the polyester paper is available with a millimetre grid and then a
|
||
manual drawing of the folding lines is really a simple matter. In Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">4</span> c the metalized fabric is shown from the rear side.<br></p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 165px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_7"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-5.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 166px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_48.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 163px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_49.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_50.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_51.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_52.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 163px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_53.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 164px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_54.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 164px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_55.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 164px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 5: Two folding legs<br></span></div>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;"><br></span></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">Now
|
||
the polyester paper is folded in several steps. Here the bookbinder's
|
||
traditional tool, the folding leg, comes into its own; two examples are
|
||
shown in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">5</span>. The folded paper bellows are seen in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">6</span>.<br></p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 403px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_8"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-6.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 403px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_56.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_57.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_58.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_59.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_60.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_61.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_62.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 402px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_63.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 6: The bellows from polyester paper<br></span></div>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">Then the fabric and paper bellows are put together with white PVAC glue as seen in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">7</span>. The completed bellows are shown in Photo <span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual">8</span>.<br></p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 403px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_2 inline-block stroke_9"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-7.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 403px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_64.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_65.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_66.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_67.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_68.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 401px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_69.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_70.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 402px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_71.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 402px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 7: The metalized fabric glued to the paper<br></span></div>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><div style="clear: left; float: left; height: 507px; margin: 7px 7px 7px 1px; position: relative; width: 537px;" class="tinyText style_SkipStroke_1 inline-block stroke_10"><div style="position: relative; overflow: visible;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/Photo-8.jpg" alt="" style="border: none; height: 508px; width: 538px; "><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_72.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 505px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_73.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_74.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: -1px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_75.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: -1px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_76.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 1px; width: 2px; height: 505px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_77.png" style="position: absolute; left: 536px; top: 506px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_78.png" style="position: absolute; left: 1px; top: 506px; width: 535px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"><img src="Machine%20bellows_files/stroke_79.png" style="position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 506px; width: 2px; height: 2px;z-index: auto;"></div></div><span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"></span><span class="style_1" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"></span><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;">Photo 8: The bellows completed.<br></span></div>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><span class="style" style="line-height: 17.1475px;"><br></span></p>
|
||
<p class="paragraph_style" xml:lang="--multilingual" style="line-height: 17.1475px;" lang="--multilingual"><br></p>
|
||
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; line-height: 17.1475px;" class="paragraph_style_3" xml:lang="--multilingual" lang="--multilingual">Joerg
|
||
Hugel is a Member of the Society of Model & Experimental Engineers
|
||
and this article first appeared in the SMEE Journal in February 2014.</p>
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